History Of Multifocal Bone Infarctions Health And Social Care Essay

Osteonecrosis is a common complication of corticosteroid therapy. In this survey, we report the instance of a patient with injury of both articulatio genuss 1 twelvemonth back who has been diagnosed with knee osteonecrosis affecting bilateral proximal tibial and distal thighbone likely due to microvascular hurt to proximal shinbone and distal thighbone. A 22-year-old male patient presented with a history of writhing hurt of both articulatio genuss.He had non taken any drug, In malice of some anodynes, that leads to osteonecrosis. One twelvemonth subsequently, he developed bilateral anterior articulatio genus hurting of insidious oncoming. Magnetic resonance imagination performed on admittance showed osteonecrosis of the bilateral proximal tibial and distal thighbone, about every bit pronounced in the shinbone and thighbone. Osteonecrosis is a reasonably common complication in patients with the history of corticoid usage for the intervention of assortment of systemic and arthritic ups ets. The status can attest itself anyplace in the skeletal system, most normally in the femoral caput. Distal thighbone and proximal shinbone with bilateral engagement is rather rare in the literature. Injury of both articulatio genuss and within one twelvemonth gross osteonecrosis of bilateral articulatio genus articulation is rarest presentation. BONE INFARCTION: known by other names i.e. Avascular mortification, osteonecrosis, sterile mortification, ischaemic bone mortification and AVN ) is a disease due to break of blood supply of tissues, because of vascular via media, cellular decease of bone occur that leads to prostration. It is largely occur in the country where blood supply is unstable and by terminal arterias. It is largely occur at hip articulation but late there is increased opportunity of infarction in weight bearing country of articulatio genus articulation besides and leads to gross devastation of articular surfaces and whole articulations and ligaments. There are many theories about what causes avascular mortification. Hazard factors are chemotherapy in malignant neoplastic disease patient, long term usage of intoxicant and steroid, station injury, decompression illness, vascular via media due to arterial intercalation and thrombosis due to intimal harm, Radiation, prolonged usage of bisphosphonate in osteoporo sis, blood upsets, such as reaping hook cell disease, Glycogen storage upset i.e. Gaucher disease. Commonest is idiopathic. Systemic lupus erythematous, Rheumatoid arthritis, Prolonged, repeated exposure to high force per unit areas etc. So bone infarction can happen by two ways one is primary due to direct hurt of blood supply by child or terrible injury known as self-generated osteonecrosis of the articulatio genus ( SPONK ) , is ill understood but seems to be the consequence of some type of injury to the articulatio genus. It normally affects merely one articulatio genus and most frequently a individual country within the articulatio genus. The country of bone in the articulatio genus loses its normal blood supply and may finally weaken and prostration. This typically leads to trouble and functional restrictions. The hurting is frequently sudden oncoming and increases with weight bearing, step mounting, and at dark. SPONK is most frequently seen in aged adult females with osteopo rosis and secondrily due to drawn-out exposure of hazard factors, affect multiple countries of the articulatio genus, and 80 % of people have both articulatio genuss affected.Case HistoryA 22-year-old adult male with no important medical history presented after the one twelvemonth of in important history of injury complained of left articulatio genus hurting, which he noted after making difficult work and remainder and sometime without associated injury. Pain became worse at dark.He is holding a good scope of articulatio genus gesture bilaterally but terminally terrible painful. Initially he is able to his day-to-day modus operandis but after few old ages subsequently he is non able to make his modus operandi and progressive fatigues additions, musculus neglect wasting, and failing around the joint. He is besides holding history of ictuss for which he is taking intervention but the cause is non cleared because CT encephalon is normal. Everyday research lab scrutiny showed neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, with a hemoglobin degree of 11.3 g/dL, entire WBC count 14100, N 85 % , L 44 % , M 12 % , RBC 3.84, HCT 35 % , MCV 91 % , MCH 29.5pg, MCHC32.3g/dl, RDW14.8 % , ph4.58, MPV 7.7, PCT 0.35 % , PDW 16, and a elevated ESR 101.Periphral vilification shows no sickling. An MRI of the left articulatio genus showed increased ruddy bone marrow within the distal thighbone and proximal tibia/fibula, ab initio thought to be compatible with anaemia from an unexplained inflammatory procedure. Further urologic and gastro enterologic workup was negative. There is no history of steroid or other drug consumptions along with no any drawn-out exposure of hazard factors.Clinical Photograph:Degree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.26.49.jpg Fig ( 1 ) Bilateral articulatio genus with normal skin coloring material with same degree of kneecap with mild gush in left sideXRAY OF LEFT KNEEDegree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 13.59.11.jpgfig ( 2 ) : radiogram of bilateral articulatio genuss joint with decresed joint infinite with distal femur median compartment articular devolution with little addition denseness of median femoral articular border.MRI OF R T KNEE JOINTDegree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.08.28.jpgC: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.11.41.jpgC: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.09.42.jpg Fig ( 3 ) : There is grounds of extended chronic medullary bone infarct in metaphyseal part of thighbone and shinbone with features dual line mark with deficiency of internal hydrops and widening upto the subchondral home base with prostration of the articular border of thighbone. There is marrow hydrops in subarticular part of shinbone and thighbone. Rate 2 myxoid degenerative alterations are seen in the anterior horn of sidelong semilunar cartilage and posterior horn of median semilunar cartilage, break of normal additive uninterrupted low signal strength of anterior cruciate ligament with partial break of fiber at tibial and femoral fond regard.MRI OF LEFT KNEEDegree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.11.41.jpg C: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.12.39.jpgC: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.12.06.jpg Fig ( 4 ) : There is grounds of extended chronic medullary bone infarct in metaphyseal part of thighbone and shinbone with features dual line mark with deficiency of internal hydrops and widening upto the subchondral home base with prostration of the articular border of thighbone. There is marrow hydrops in subarticular part of shinbone and thighbone. Tear of anterior horn of median semilunar cartilage. Modrate joint gush predominately in supra patellar pouch.MRI of BRAIN:Brain parenchyma shows normal MR morphology and grey white distinction, there is no focal parenchymal lesion. Basal gangia and thalmi are normal in volume and signal strength. Mid encephalon, Ponss, and myelin are cardinal and appear normal in signal strength. The cerebellar hemisphere are normal. Ventricular system are normal. WHOLE BODY BONE SCANC: UsersuserPictures2013-02-20 10.23.45.jpg Degree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-20 10.23.29.jpg Fig ( 5 ) : Skeltal scintigraphy done with20mci of 99m Tc-MDP endovenous and graph taken in three stages post injection revels. ( 1 ) : Flow stage ( immediate station injection ) : there is addition flow in part of bilateral articulatio genuss articulation ( 2 ) : Blood pool stage ( 5 min station injection ) : there is pooling in the part of bilateral articulatio genuss articulation ( 3 ) : Delayed stage ( 3 hour station injection ) : there is increase tracer uptake in the part of bilateral articulatio genus articulation, distal shaft of bilateral thighbone, proximal shaft of bilateral shinbone Suggestive of: -non specific arthritis bilateral articulatio genuss joint with infarct in distal shaft of bilateral thighbones and proximal shaft of bilateral shinbone.PreventionAt the present, there is no known bar but we can decrese the opportunity of AVN by extinguishing the hazard factors. Avoid Immuno-suppressants and other drugs such as Steroids, Glucocorticoid, Indocin, and Butazolidin and drugs that prevent the loss of bone mass such as Bisphosphonate ( diphosphonates ) .Foods that are good and nourish castanetss contain Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin C and Vitamin D.TreatmentThe end in this instance is to better the map and to look into farther harm to the bone so that bone and joint survived. Without intervention, most people with the disease will see terrible hurting and restriction in motion. To find the most appropriate intervention, the physician considers the followers: the age of the patient, the phase of the disease ( early or late ) , the location and whether bone is a ffected over a little or big country, the underlying cause of osteonecrosis. The articulatio genus is the 2nd most common location for osteonecrosis after hip. The disease can be classified into 4 phases — phase I: patterned advance from no radiographical findings ; phase II: a little flattening of a the median condyle ; phase Three: visual aspect of a radiolucent lesion: and present IV: articular gristle prostration. There are two typical entities: ( I ) self-generated osteonecrosis of the articulatio genus ( SPONK ) , and ( two ) secondary osteonecrosis of the articulatio genus. They are differentiated by age of presentation, associated hazard factors ( e.g. usage of corticoid and alcohol addiction ) , location, lateralization, and condylar engagement. First stop hazard factors i.e. corticoid or intoxicant usage, intervention may non work unless usage of the substance is stopped. Early infarcts ( before X ray alterations are apparent ) can be treated with a surgical process called nucleus decompression and bone grafting or autologous bone marrow organ transplant to better circulation of affected country, but one time the condyle has lost its contour, nucleus decompression will non assist in hurting alleviation and farther prostration of the weight-bearing zone. The of import end to accomplish at this phase is the immobilisation of the affected country. Early Reconstruction, with debridement of the necrotic zone and replacing of the dead bone with autologous bone reinforced to back up the subchondral bone at hazard of prostration. Later phases of avascular mortification ( when X ray alterations have occurred ) necessarily advancement to a earnestly damaged bone and/or articulation that require arthroplasty or joint replacing surgery.DISCUSIONOsteonecrosis has been reported during or after the class of steroid intervention in several conditions such as reaping hook cell disease, systemic lupus erythematus, ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn 'sdisease. Corticosteroids are believed to heighten the microvascular ischaemia by diminishing bone blood flow along with increased bone marrow force per unit area due to intra medullary lipocytes hypertrophy. The status can attest itself anyplace in the skeletal system, most normally in the femoral caput, but similar alterations have been reported in the distal articulatio genus, proximal shinbone, humerus, cubitus and the pes. No clear cut regulations exit sing the dosage and continuance of corticoid intervention followed by manifestation of osteonecrosis. Reported instances have documented it every bit early as 6 months to every bit tardily as three old ages. On carnal theoretical account it is reported to be found one hebdomad after the initial steroid disposal. Osteonecrosis begins perniciously and frequently the diagnosing is easy missed and delayed due to often normal field radiogram in early portion of the disease even in the presence of pathological alterations. MRI has bee n reported to be more sensitive and specific to observe osteonecrosis in an early stage. In diagnostic patients with negative field radiogram or MRI findings, the radionuclide bone scan is recommended. It is extremely sensitive for showing the countries of enhanced focal consumption before the alterations are evident on other imaging modes. Conservative intervention options including anodynes, braces, reduced weight bearing, bed remainder, deep heat modes and ROM exercisings are offered, but nil has been proved to be of much significance besides offering a impermanent diagnostic alleviation. None of the intervention options are believed to change the class of the disease. If diagnosed at an early phase, prostration of the subchondral bone and patterned advance of the disease may be averted in some patients by diminishing the joint emphasis and by developing mobility. Different surgical attacks including nucleus decompression, curettement, and bone graft have been tried with contradi ctory out comes, nevertheless, the ultimate intervention is frequently a joint replacing in badly involved articulations.DecisionIt is a common complication in patients with a history of anterior articulatio genus hurting of long continuance with history of injury or associated with other hazard factors of osteonecrosis genrally short-run or long-run corticoid. These instances are really hard to name initial phases with simple conventional imaging techniques. A careful scrutiny with high index of intuition is indispensable while covering with patients with anterior articulatio genus hurting. MRI and radionuclide bone scan are helpful in observing a field radiogram negative lesion. After clinical and radiological rating and verification of such lesion that affect the 2nd most common site after hip i.e. articulatio genus should be managed after proper theatrical production, taking to accomplish hurting free articulatio genus motion with non further deterioting the articulatio genus ma p and to better the morbidity of patient life.

Quitting is not an option Essay

Quitting Is Not An Option As a little girl I always dreamt of becoming my own boss at a young age. The thought of following other people rules bothered me; I did know that in order to get where I wanted to be in life I had to start somewhere. So I told myself that after high school I had to go to college, and work and save. I decide to pursue my degree’s in Business Management and Accounting, because, I enjoy using money, working with others, helping people solve their money issues and helping them getting back on the right the track, as well as making people happy. I see it as if I have the knowledge and the education of what I’m doing, I don’t have to worry about anyone using me or stealing from me; I’ll be able to take care of my own finances. Having a B.A. in Business Management will impact my life in a positive way, by giving me a hands up in my dreams of becoming my own boss at an young age, as well as living my life comfortably. Due to my dreams in life, and where I want to be I chose not to give up even when things are stressful at times. Giving up on my educational goals is not an option because, I know that if I don’t have a degree, my life will not go anywhere, and I will just work at dead-end jobs. Not only do I want to want to go college and get a B.A. but I want to get excellent grades, and become an honor student. I’m committed to sticking with my degree and working with Monroe College to help me succeed and graduate. Having a lot of money, and time invested in my success, I can’t allow quitting to be an option. Looking forward to having a great experience and continue to grow in my career while attending Monroe College. Having great support from my professors, when struggling with an assignment, I feel I should be able to email or talk on the phone with them without feeling embarrassed. If i found out that my future self was trying to quit due to an stressful situation, I will let her know that life gets hard but giving up makes it even harder, and if you give up you will be stuck living life struggling, and living pay check to pay check with no relief to the stress. Living and learning is part of life, but quitting won’t allow you to learn or live the  life that you want for yourself and your future family.

Sport Obermeyer Minimum

Wally Obermeyer is facing a challenge in accurately forecasting the market response and demand for the upcoming season. Historically, the company founder, Klaus Obermeyer, relied minimally on forecast data, and more on intuition and artistic tastes. In comparison, his son Wally prefers to make decisions based on analytical techniques and information gathering.If Wally’s approach proves successful, it can change how Sport Obermeyer approaches its manufacturing processes, secure its position long-term as the middle- to high-end producer of skiwear, increase profits, and better meet the company’s objective of delivering matching collections to retailers at the same time and earlier in the season. Sport Obermeyer has many challenges to overcome. Forecasting is problematic since production commitments are required in November, but the bulk of the orders are not placed by retailers until the Las Vegas trade show in the following March.Also, the market trends are seasonal, cha nging frequently, and adding to the difficulty in forecasting. The company cannot postpone production completion dates due to the quota limit on importation of goods from China, where a bulk of its production occurs. Adding further complications to the manufacturing decisions, the company has a new manufacturing facility coming online in Hong Kong, and must determine what products, and how much of those products should be manufactured in each of the facilities. Issues with vendors of raw materials must be addressed.There are long lead times for some vendors, and because of that, excess inventory is maintained in the manufacturing facilities. The company must also maintain a competitive edge with the growing pressure from competitors, specifically Columbia. Sport Obermeyer has relied on a buying committee comprised of key manager to forecast production demands, and make decisions regarding production commitments. Historically, this committee has done fairly well in predicting which s tyles will be popular, and forecasting has been best for the styles on which agreement was greatest between the committee members.In order to take the greatest advantage of this committee, Wally Obermeyer is utilizing the Delphi method. This method will give Wally the opportunity to determine which members of the committee have the greatest accuracy. While it may not pay off in the immediate decisions, over several years, he will be able to determine which members’ opinions should receive the greatest weight when making production decisions. In the meantime, a decision must be made regarding the upcoming season.Wally should proceed with the minimum order necessary, one-half of the total expected demand for the season (10,000 units), to keep up with production demands. Since the minimum production quantity for a style is 600 units from the Hong Kong facility, Wally should initially only consider production of styles predicted to exceed this limit until the bulk of the order co me in following the Las Vegas show. In doing so, the risk of overproducing a style, and being forced to sell it at a deficit will be mitigated. Past data indicates the buying committee’s forecast is accurate within two standard deviations.Using these forecasts, Sport Obermeyer should delay production of the Isis, Teri, and Stephanie styles since they demand is forecasted to be low for them, and proceed with the remainder of the items in consideration (See Table 1 for quantities relating to each style). Forecasting also has difficulties due to the delay in information from retailers regarding which products are most popular. Long-term, and if financially feasible, Sport Obermeyer should consider providing retailers responsible for the majority of purchases of their good with software that will provide Sport Obermeyer with real-time data on sales of its product.By doing so, the company will better be able to predict what items are desired for replenishment orders, and greatly r educe goods sold to South America at prices below manufacturing costs. Furthermore, Sports Obermeyer can approach retailers sooner regarding replenishment orders based upon the data it has collected. If replenishment orders are received sooner, then the cost of shipment is greatly reduced since fewer will require air shipment. Lastly, the company should take an active role in influencing the demand of products it forecasts as being most popular to ensure these items are in high demand.Sport Obermeyer should pressure its sales force to promote these items by providing incentives, such as bonuses, to its personnel. If need be, the company can also provide discounts for large bulk orders to retailers. Lastly, the company should heavily promote these items via advertisements campaigns. Sport Obermeyer needs to be able to keep up with production demand, and in the case the company is overly successful in pushing the styles it predicts to be in highest demand, resulting in Sport Obermeyer needs to be able to meet the production demands generated.The manufacturing facility in China can produce goods much more cheaply than the facility in Hong Kong, but the quality and startup time are inferior to the Hong Kong facility. Obersport, a joint venture of Sport Obermeyer, is responsible for monitoring quality of the raw materials, and coordinating production Sport Obermeyer products in the Far East. Obersport should implement and expand upon its current quality control and quality assurance practices.Sport Obermeyer should pare down the variation in its products to reduce the frequency in changing manufacturing lines resulting in the facility in China being able to complete orders faster. Sport Obermeyer needs to reduce the planning time required for each season. Currently, planning for a season must start two years in advance. This is a hindrance to the company since forecasting data improves as the start of the season being planned for becomes closer. Reducing the number of vendors for raw materials, as well as the variety of styles available will shorten the time for planning.Furthermore, Sport Obermeyer will be ordering more from a few vendors, giving them greater buyer power to negotiate discounts, resulting in increased profits. Reducing the variety in the raw materials used should increase quality in addition to speeding up production. Long-term, after lead time and vendor issues are resolved, Sport Obermeyer should consider spinning off another brand within the company to be marketed separately from its current line. As costs for manufacturing are reduced due to a more streamlined production process, Sport Obermeyer will be better able to compete at the same price point as Columbia.By creating a new brand, the company will not risk reducing the reputation for quality associated with Sport Obermeyer, but will be able to compete directly with Columbia and take part of its market share. This move will increase sales for Sport Obermeyer, as well as limit the growth of Columbia. Furthermore, Sport Obermeyer should consider producing street wear for both the current high-end brand and the lower-end brand that will compete with Columbia. This will expand the markets to which Sport Obermeyer is competing in, and increase visibility of the brands since the clothing will be worn year round.Sport Obermeyer places production orders three times each season. The first order is placed prior to the Las Vegas trade show, the second is placed the week following the trade show, and the third comes at the end of the season when replenishment orders are made. Short-term, until quality and vendor issues are resolved, Sport Obermeyer should place the first order with the Hong Kong manufacturing facility. The labor in the Hong Kong facility is significantly higher than the facility in China, but the quality is better in Hong Kong.Also, the Hong Kong facility is able to produce goods faster. The second order should be placed with the facility i n China to take advantage of the markedly reduced labor costs. The third order should be placed in Hong Kong since these orders need to be produced quickly to reduce the use of expensive air shipment in lieu of using an ocean carrier. Long-term, if Sport Obermeyer elects to pursue a spinoff brand, the lower quality product should be manufactured in China to take advantage of the reduced cost of production.The Hong Kong labor force should have increased labor skills by this point, and production output should be optimized. The Hong Kong facility should continue to produce the high-end Sport Obermeyer lines. Even though the cost of production will be greater in the Hong Kong facility, the revenues generated by this facility should be greater since the high-end clothing can be offered at a higher price point. Sport Obermeyer has many problems to address, but with just a few adjustments, they can be rectified. By paring down the variety of options in the lines, quality will be increased .Forecasting is improved by implementing the Delphi method in the Buying Committee, and adding a weighted accuracy measurement to the Committee members in future seasons. Reducing the number of vendors remedies the excessively long lead times, and provides Obersport with buyer power to negotiate discounts. Providing the primary purchasers of Sport Obermeyer products with free software for tracking sales allows Sport Obermeyer to better predict replenishment orders, and eliminates much of the use of air carriers, as well as eliminates overproduction of goods that are sold below manufacturing cost.By creating a second brand, Sport Obermeyer can compete directly with Columbia, and not tarnish the image of quality associated with its current lines. Lastly, Sport Obermeyer can drive sales toward the items it predicts will be popular by offering incentives to sales personnel, large customers, and launching advertisement campaigns to also eliminate overproduction and lost revenues. Table 1 : Recommendation of order quantity for each style of Parka considered by the Buying Committee.Since orders had to be placed in Hong Kong where a 600 unit amount is needed, the styles of Isis, Teri, and Stephanie were ignored in the order placement for the first phase of production due to uncertainty of need. Style| Average Forecast| 2SD| k=1| k=0. 9675| Gail| 1017| 388| 629| 642| Isis| 1042| 646| 396*| –| Entice| 1358| 496| 862| 878| Assault| 2525| 680| 1845| 1867| Teri| 1100| 762| 338*| –| Electra| 2150| 807| 1343| 1369| Stephanie| 1113| 1048| 65*| –| Seduced| 4017| 1113| 2904| 2940| Anita| 3296| 2094| 1202| 1270| Daphne| 2383| 1394| 989| 1034| Total| | | 9774*| 10001| | I

World Hunger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World Hunger - Essay Example Those who victorious in this struggle became more and more powerful as the time progresses while the rest struggled even harder and harder. The declared aim of politicians or the administrators of every country is to reduce poverty or to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. In fact no country can claim that they are free from poverty. Poverty is a condition in which a person fails to maintain adequate living standards for him and for his family members. African continent is one of the major regions in which still thousands of people die daily out of hunger. Political instability, ethnic clashes, lack of natural resources, illiteracy etc are cited as the major reasons for poverty in Africa. Africa is not alone when we consider the global statistics of poverty. Even some of the highly developed countries and developing countries like America, India, China etc also facing poverty related problems. According to Usborne (2008), â€Å"28 million people in the US will be using gov ernment food stamps to buy essential groceries in the fiscal year 2008, the highest level since the food assistance program was introduced in the 1960s† (Usborne). ... At the same time the film shows that the same plant can make a diet product for obese Americans and Europeans. In other words, Hoodia is used by the Africans to suppress their hunger whereas it is used by the Americans to reduce their obesity (Silent Killer). The above film succeeded in portraying some irritating facts about world hunger. It educates us that the same food is used differently by different people in the world. We know that overeating is one major reason for causing obesity. In other words, Americans and Europeans who consumed more than enough food are currently trying to shed some of their weight whereas Africans who consumes lesser foods are trying to suppress their hunger. The two sides of the hunger problems are beautifully portrayed in this film. It indirectly explains that the world hunger problems are still not rectified because of the over eating habits of some people at the expense of others. Even in America which is supposed to be one of the richest countries in the world, poverty is still there. â€Å"Startling official statistics show that as a new economic recession stalks the United States, a record number of Americans will shortly be depending on food stamps just to feed themselves and their families† (Usborne). Many people have the false belief that all the Americans are living in better conditions. However, the recent recession unveiled some of the darker sides of America’s social life. The photograph given below clearly shows that even in America, some people are still struggling to get adequate food. Disadvantaged Americans queue for aid in New York (Usborne) America is spending trillions of dollars for war on terror. Iraq war and Afghan war succeeded only in increasing poverty in America. Even half of the

Risk and return, portfolio diversification and the Capital Asset Essay

Risk and return, portfolio diversification and the Capital Asset Pricing Model; The cost of equity (Starbucks Co.) - Essay Example (Valuebasedmanagement.net, 2011) This paper will therefore provide computation and will also discuss the cost of equity of Starbucks besides computing the cost of equity for Nestle and McDonalds to make a comparison. Further, cost of equity will also be calculated by using dividend discount model as well as arbitrage pricing theory. The above calculations show that the overall cost of equity for Starbucks is 11.82% based on the data provided. This value is higher than the cost of equity of an average firm on the S&P 500 index thus indicating that the overall risk profile of Starbucks may be higher than an average firm. It may be due to the fact that the investors, considering the dynamics of the industry and particular performance of the firm in the industry, may not be willing to put their bets on Starbucks. The cost of equity should have been lower than an average firm on the S&P considering the overall market strength of Starbucks and brand power. The above comparison between McDonalds, Nestle as well as Starbucks shows that the return on equity for other two firms is lower as compared to Starbucks. The lower cost of equity of these firms suggests that these firms have relatively stable risk profile due to their stronger financial performance as well as fundamentals. What is also important to note that these firms are diversified in nature whereas Starbucks is only relatively focused on the sale of coffee only? It is therefore of no surprise that the cost of equity of such firms is relatively lower than Starbucks Dividend discount model is another important model to find out the fair values of the stock based on the dividends. (Investopedia.com, 2011 ). This model considers dividends as the future cash flows to be received and accordingly the price of the stock is calculated by using following formula: Thus the expected rate of return is obtained by considering a linear combination of different macroeconomic factors combined with

In The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poe uses symbolism, humor, and Essay

In The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poe uses symbolism, humor, and irony to develop his theme of how Fortunato's foolishness costed him his life - Essay Example Though originally used as a mere instrument by which the story could take off, it takes on a life of its own as it symbolizes the perceived wealth and success in life of its owner. It is a symbol that Fortunato refuses to believes exists but then with his curiosity getting the better of him, he embarks down a path which symbolized his ultimate doom. A more important perhaps to the story is the way that Fortunato is dressed as a court jester during the carnival. As everyone knows, a court jester is someone who is the life of the court. He makes people laugh by making fun of other people. This costume symbolizes the very personality of Fortunato, which is the happy-go-lucky type of person who unfortunately, tends to say or do things that he may not realize slights those around him as what happened unknowingly between him and Montresor. The story also makes good use of humor in the statement â€Å"Luchresi doesnt know Amontillado from a Sherry". It would seem that as far as the social circle that Fortunato and Montresor move in, Luchresi fancies himself a wine conneseiur although his actions betray him as a pretender. Hence the laughter and comedic intonation in the dialogue between the friends. However funny the statement is though, it is still considered by Montresor to be an additional slight upon his person since he believes Luchresi to be a man knowledgable about wines and sherrys. Finally, we come to an analysis of the names and settings used by Poe in the story. I would like to begin with the discussion regarding his choice of the name Fortunato for his doomed character. It is truly ironic that the name Fortunato actually means a man blessed with good fortune in life. Fortunato met the exact opposite during his lifetime. Fortunato has only the worst of luck as he died a horrifying and secret death at the hands of the man he considered a trustworthy friend, Montresor. Then we have the irony of the two settings used for the story, the carnival masquerade

Review paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review paper - Essay Example The Race Myth written by Graves’ centers on crucial matters of racism in the American community. He presents in the book that American consider immigrants lazy and have genetic inheritance that affect their well-being. They even felt that these African Americans needed to work harder in order to save themselves as they did (Graves 122). He noted in his book that the Americans did not consider the African American oppression when giving these opinions about them. According to Graves, the American society provides support for racial oppression in the American society, and it is through racial discrimination that the African American experience health disparities (122). He felt that most African Americans still consider that there is some genetic legitimacy within the society that contributes to racial discrimination. However, this is not true because racism only emanates as a result of societal stereotypes. In this book, the author wants the readers to understand that racism is a socially developed concept aimed at overpowering African Americans instead of a genetic experience that explains racial differences in the society (Graves 123). Racial discrimination was started by the Europeans who made it extend in their communities. They accepted the concept of racial order that was widespread during that time. According to the author, the constructed racial discrimination helped the Europeans to control the continent (Graves 123). He presents a strong concept against biological arguments concerning racial discrimination because of genetic factors. Graves mainly points out social factors that contribute to racial discrimination, and he believes that only two percent of genetic interferences can contribute to genetic difference (124). Grave also questions the concept that there are genetic specific drugs for specific racial group

Read the attached article and answer the questions Essay

Read the attached article and answer the questions - Essay Example It can be seen that the Gini coefficient of some countries is close to 0.0 while others are more than 0.5. This is because of differences in the income inequality. Countries like South Africa have a high rate of inequality which brings the Gini coefficient to 0.6 while Scandinavian countries like Sweden maintains the Gini coefficient for disposable income at 0.25. Beddoes goes further to show that the economic differences of the countries around the globe are increasing; for example in America, Gini for disposable income has shot up by 30 percent as from 1980. In China, the Gini coefficient it has gone up to 0.42, which shows an increase of nearly 50 percent. Sweden is no exception, since the Gini coefficient for disposable income increased to 0.24. Because of the differences of the economies of the countries, others being poor and others rich, the economic inequality has risen as from the 19th century to the 20th century. The first cause of income inequality is because the countries which were rich economically started intensifying as from the 19th to the 20th century than the poor nations (Beddoes 4). This can be supported further by the sprout of the industries which brought in rural to urban migration. Another cause is the treatment of people in the middle and bottom of the income distribution as compared to those one at the top. The ones at the top were bailed out when they fail to pay their debt while those in the middle and bottom would lose their assets. Furthermore, the tax levied on people of different level causes big inequalities; it is evident that the rich and the poor are taxed at the same rates. In European countries, the income inequality rose because of the industrial revolution, which can be explained by the fact that mill workers’ incomes were high as compared to rural workers (Beddoes 9). On comparing this to America, it is seen that the income difference widened mainly because of education that caused the higher income class to rise higher than the lower income classes. The education factor also has a racial factor, where minorities received lower education levels than majority racial identities. The same education factor is also seen in many other countries like Asian countries. Other factors in the American system include taxes that favored higher income individuals over low income individuals. According to the Beddoes (23), there are three main strategies that would be used to reduce inequality in both developed and developing economies. One of the first reforms needed is to curb cryonism and enhance competition in emerging markets. This can be done by reducing the powers that monopolies have and spreading competition among all markets. Having a freer economy, which can be achieved by freeing monopolistic markets, would go a long way in reducing inequality. This can also be done in advanced countries by removing subsidies from big corporations, which would serve to balance up the economy. The second strateg y proposed by the (Beddoes 23) is to have targeted and progressive social spending, especially in countries with emerging economies. Beddoes suggests that a shift in social spending factors in all economies would reduce inequality. For example, one of the best models is the Latin American one, where countries are encouraged to spend more in education and investment opportunities in talented individuals. The last

North Carolina's Criminal Justice Process Essay

North Carolina's Criminal Justice Process - Essay Example This principle is expressed in the maxim ‘Nullen Crimen, Nulla Poena, Sine Lege’, a Latin phrase which means ‘there is no crime, there is no punishment, without law’ (Schebb, 1999). Criminal law distinguishes between serious crimes, known as felonies, and less serious offenses, called misdemeanors. Generally speaking, felonies are offenses for which the offender can be imprisoned for more than one year. Common examples of felonies include murder, rape, kidnapping, arson, assault with a deadly weapon, robbery and grand larceny (Mitchell 2008). The common law developed a doctrine where an accused is engaged in the commission of a felony and a homicide occurs, the felonious act is regarded as a substitute for the proof of malice aforethought required finding the defendant guilty of murder. Thus, it becomes felony murder where an accused unintentionally killed a human being while committing or attempting to commit, such common-law felonies as burglary, arson, rape, or robbery. The theory is that if a killing resulted, even though unintentional or accidental, the required malice is carried over from the original felony. Consequently, the felon would be found guilty of murder (Schebb, 1999). Although of dubious ancestry, the felony murder doctrine has been incorporated into most criminal codes in the United States even in North Carolina (Hall, 2000). With the proliferation of crimes classified as felonies, legislatures have generally limited its applicability to felonies, involving violence or posing great threat to life or limb. Felony murder statutes have produced much litigation in the criminal courts (Hall, 2000). Some of the question raised include-can a felon ho perpetrate an offense be guilty of felony murder where the victim of the intended offense kills a co-felon or -should the felon committing a crime such as robbery be guilty of felony murder if a police officer mistakenly kills the felon’s intended victim? And -can a felon be guilty of

Life Easier Today Than It Was 50 Years Ago Essay Example for Free

Life Easier Today Than It Was 50 Years Ago Essay When you write a paper, you use some information that you have read in books, journals, on the Internet, etc. Your teacher might have told you, â€Å"Use your own words.† In other words, even when you use someone else’s information, you are not allowed to use the words they wrote. You have to use your own. You have to say the same thing in a different way. This is called paraphrasing. For example, if the book you are reading from says, â€Å"John Adams, who was involved in winning independence for the United States, was the second President. † You cannot write those words in your paper. You cannot even write, â€Å"John Adams, a man involved in winning independence for the United States, was its second President.† One way that you could re-write it is to say, â€Å"The second American President, John Adams, was also influential in gaining freedom for the country.† However, in spite of being told to use your own words, you might not know how to do it. There are a variety of techniques you can use. You can change the words for words of similar meaning; you can change the grammar; you can change the grammar or grammatical forms. In this reading, you will learn about ways that you can paraphrase. Methods of Paraphrasing Before you even begin to paraphrase, you need to make certain that you understand what you are reading. If you do not understand what you read, you cannot paraphrase it. There are six ways that you can change sentences to paraphrase the information. You will probably not use all of them in the same sentence, but you can use ones that are appropriate. (In each of the examples, only one change is made. This is not enough if you are actually paraphrasing.) Read about each type of change, and look at the examples. Then make that type of change in the sample sentences that follow. Changing Word Order One way you can change a sentence for paraphrasing is to change the word order. For example, you might change â€Å"Because I slept too late, I missed my first class† to â€Å"I missed my first class because I slept too late,† or â€Å"In order to pass that class, I had to study very hard† to â€Å"I had to study very hard in order to pass that class.† It is sometimes necessary to change the wording of the parts of the sentences. For example, â€Å"Terry wanted more books, but he couldn’t afford them,† can be changed to â€Å"Terry couldn’t afford more books, even though he wanted them.† 1. If you’re going to New York for Christmas, be sure to take warm clothes. __Be sure to take warm clothes, if you’re going to New York for Christmas.___________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Even though the weather was good, Joan was in a bad mood. ___Joan was in a bad mood, even though the weather was good._____________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. I had no money, so I borrowed some. __I borrowed some money, because I had none._____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Changing Parts of Speech You can also change parts of speech. If the sentence uses a noun, you can rewrite the sentence to use the verb or adjective form of the word, for example. You can change â€Å"Fifty-four men signed the Declaration of Independence† to â€Å"Fifty-four men put their signatures on the Declaration of Independence.† 1. The company needs to find a solution for this problem. __The company needs to solve this problem.______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The poor economy has been the cause of high unemployment. ___The poor economy has caused high unemployment.______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. If you eat rabbit, you will find its taste like chicken. __If you eat rabbit, you will find it tastes like chicken.______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Using Synonyms English has many synonyms words that have the same or similar meanings so another way you can paraphrase is to change one word for a synonym. For example, you could change â€Å"Movies can be divided into three categories† to â€Å"Movies can be divided into three types.† 1. The way a person dresses affects the impression that other people have. __ The way a person dresses influences the image that other people have.___ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. That phrase means â€Å"in a happy way.† ___That expression means â€Å"in a cheerful way.†_____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. There is little chance that the situation will improve. ___There is little possibility that the circumstances will get better.__________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Using Negatives or Opposite Expressions Another way to paraphrase is to change a positive expression into a negative expression, or a negative expression into a positive expression. You could change â€Å"Rather than building a traditional memorial, the city built a park† to â€Å"The city did not build a traditional memorial; instead it built a park.† 1. Shaun was disappointed, because the movie wasn’t very good. ___Shaun wasn’t satisfied, because the movie wasn’t very good.______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Japan is not a small country, compared to European countries. __Japan is a large country, compared to European countries.________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Geri wanted some candy, but there wasn’t any in the bowl. __Geri wanted some candy, but the bowl was empty.________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Combining or Separating Sentences Long sentences can be divided, and short sentences can be combined with other short sentences. You can change â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country, which has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history† to â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country. It has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history.† You can also change â€Å"Ireland is a wonderful country. It has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history† to â€Å"Ireland, which is a wonderful country, has beautiful scenery, friendly people, and an interesting history.† 1. Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII. She is one of England’s most famous queens. __Elizabeth I, who was the daughter of Henry VIII, was one of England’s most________ __famous queens.________________________________________________________________ 2. This book is about a woman who pretended to be a man to join the army in World War II. It is one of Lynn’s favorite books. ___This book, which is one of Lynn’s favorites, is about a woman who pretended to___ ___be a man to join the army in World War II.______________________________________ 3. If you go to London, you should be sure to visit Westminster Abbey, where many of the kings and queens of England, as well as other famous people, are buried. __If you go to London, you should be sure to visit Westminster Abbey. Many kings and_ __queens of England are buried there. Other famous people are buried there, too.______ Using Different Grammar – Structure, Voice You can paraphrase by changing the grammar of a sentence, for example, but changing from active voice (â€Å"The dog bit the man†) to passive voice (â€Å"The man was bitten by the dog†) or by making other changes in the grammar. You can change â€Å"It is not unusual for June to be a rainy month here† to â€Å"June is often a rainy month here,† or â€Å"It is thought that this new plan will save money† to â€Å"Many people think that this new plan will save money.† 1. Various languages are spoken in this country. __The people of this country speak various languages._______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Frank studied French, and, as a result, he translated for our visitors from France. __Frank could translate for our visitors from France, because he had studied French.__ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Tom McGovern got married three times and had five children. ___Tom McGovern had three wives and was the father of five._______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise Read the following sentences and paraphrase them, combining the techniques that you learned in this article. 1. Gone with the Wind, which was published in 1936, covered 12 years of the life of a woman named Scarlett O’Hara during and after the Civil War. It began when she was 16 year old and tells the story of her love for two men. ___Published in 1936, Gone with the Wind was the story of Scarlett O’Hara and the___ ___two men she loved. It covers Scarlett’s life from the time she was 16 until she was__ ___28, during the Civil War and the years that followed.____________________________

How Does Pdf Manage Bitmap Images Information Technology Essay

How Does Pdf Manage Bitmap Images Information Technology Essay Primary storage is the main area in a computer in which data is stored for quick access, Primary memory storages are also temporary, were as secondary storage is permanent. For example RAM (Random Access Memory) is primary storage so when the computer is switched off or restarted the data that is being stored is wiped from the memory. Retrieved from the Computer Hope Web site: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/primstor.htm. Secondary storage on the other hand has data written to it so the data is permanently stored there. Primary storage is closer to the CPU and is mostly integrated onto the motherboard there it is faster when performing tasks, compared to secondary which is connected through cables. Primary storage is the cache and random access memory is as it is part of the central processing unit, this is the only memory that is directly accessible to the central processing unit. Instructions are stored in the primary storage in which the CPU continuously reads and executes wh en required. Any data that is actively operated on is also stored in the primary storage in a uniform manner. Secondary storage differs from primary storage as it is not directly accessible by the CPU. Secondary storage is the hard drive of a computer in which all the information that needs to be saved is stored there. Retrieved from the Computer Hope Web site: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/secostor.htm. In the architecture of computer hardware, systems software networking, 4th edition, 2010 there are 2 definitions of what virtualization is. These are; existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form or name and created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or computer network. (Englander, I. (2010). The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software Networking. Pg 20.) These two explanations mean that virtualization is when you create something on a computer and simulate it. An example of this is virtual pc which is used on windows 7, this allows a person to simulate running an operating system and it will behave exactly as it would if it was a computers own operating system. This virtualization allows people to test programs on virtual versions of operating systems but within another operating system, this allows people to test programs to be able to make sure that their current programs are compatible. Another example of this would also be when using servers. Virtualization allows a server to make virtual servers that run independently so there could be 20 servers but they are all virtual therefore they would only have to be on one or two real servers. This is used to cut costs and to make it easier to manage a server as it is entirely virtual therefore it does not cost anything to run can reach at its potential efficiency. Englander, I. (2010). The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software Networking (4th ed.).** London, United Kingdom: London University Press.** The inputs to the home cinema system would be the cables that power the system. An input to the television and home cinema system would be the DVD player as that is sending data to the television to show the film on the DVD. Other inputs in the system would be the input from the reliever to the television. This is used so the television receives a signal to provide a picture on the television. The remote also provides and output into which the DVD player and TV would receive an input from the remote to control the components. The user can then decide what they want to happen on the DVD player and the TV for example what channel is on the television or the volume or navigating through a menu on the DVD player. The plug socket is an output which it inputs power to the TV and cinema system. The Television itself would be an output as it is providing the visual part of the system, whilst the speaker components are outputs as they provide the audio. Remote Cloud computing is the method of which data and applications are stored and accessed over the World Wide Web. Cloud Computing Defined. (2010). Cloud Computing Defined. Retrieved from the Cloud Computing Defined site: http://www.cloudcomputingdefined.com/. The idea behind cloud computing is that your data is stored and backed up on a computer somewhere in the world that can be accessed at any time. But you will not know where your data is being stored. This means that the users are unaware and do not know of any of the details of the applications use, for example where the hardware that is being used to store it is located. A PDF is treated as a file format so with the right software any person can look at the file. PDF also contains its own bitmap formats, object image formats and text formats which are all optimized for creating and presenting pages quickly. So because a PDF has its own formats so when a program opens it will display the file in the way that any monitor can view it, including printers as a PDF is a standard therefore each printer and operating system must be accustomed to that standard therefore allowing it to be seen consistently. Describe the format for storing, laying out, and managing the objects on a page. Explain the advantages to the use of this format over other formats, such as that used by HTML. The advantage of using PDF format over other formats such as HTML for storing, laying out and managing objects on a page would be that there are many algorithms which are used for compression which enable a faster and smoother file transfer, Therefore the application is much more flexible The advantage of using the PDF format over other formats for storing, laying out and managing objects on a page would be that they have many algorithms for compression which enables smooth file transfer. The application therefore is more flexible. Due to the compression techniques it is also more portable due to the smaller sizes that PDFs can have compared with something like HTML. Jenny Hamper. (2010). Difference Between PDF Vs HTML Retrieved from ezinearticles site: http://ezinearticles.com/?Difference-Between-PDF-Vs-HTMLid=3972193 A font in PDF is a description of a digital typeface which is a set of one or more fonts,. These descriptions can describe the characteristics of a typeface, but can also include an embedded font file. Font files that are embedded are based on commonly used digital font formats. A PDF will use character codes that are within text strings to map the current font using an encoding. There are predefined encodings that exist in a PDF which are universal and will work on any platform. A PDF can specify a predefined encoding to use which can be the fonts built in encoding. Any file which contains fonts are also collected when a document is saved as a PDF so all of the available fonts the user has are stored on a PDF which makes it easy for a PDF to show that particular font or show a font that is in the same family so there is some resemblance to the original font. How does PDF manage bitmap images? Object images? Describe at least three major limitations that PDF places on the end-user of a PDF document. One major limitation of PDF is that it cannot be edited once a file has been converted into a PDF then it cannot be edited as it is an image of a document. What are the criteria that define a Von Neumann architecture? How does the example of entering and adding two numbers illustrate each of the criteria? If the memory register for a computer is 32 bits wide then this computer can support 4gb of memory. This is because the memory can access 32 locations and each location has either a 0 or a 1 stored meaning there are 2 states at which the 32 bits can be accessed. Therefore 232 = (4 294 967 296) meaning that there are 4.3GB of memory available as there are that many different combinations. This means that a system with a 32 bit wide system can only have a maximum of 4GB as there is only a maximum of 4 294 967 296 different memory combinations. Volatile memory is computer memory that can only maintain memory if it is being powered by the computer. Non-volatile memory is the opposite of volatile memory in which it is computer memory that can retain information when it is not being powered. RAM would be an example of volatile memory because when a computer is turned off any information that hasnt been saved and is on the RAM is deleted. A hard drive (ROM) is non-volatile memory because when there is no power to the ROM the data that is being stored is kept even when there is no power as the data is written onto the OM so it is kept. Draw a flow diagram that shows step by step the process for converting a mixed number in a base other than 10 to decimal. Submission Deadline for submission is Thursday 16th December 2010 before 1200 noon. Submit via the Assessment Submission facility of IBIS. The title that you give to the submission should be CO4023 followed by your student id (If you need to resubmit, append A, B, etc. to the submission title make clear which is the latest version).

Evian bottled water brand in the US market

Evian bottled water brand in the US market 1. Case overview: Although it has achieved great success in other part of the world, the Danone and its Evian bottled water brand are facing significant pressure while handling the U.S. market. After the cola giants Coke and Pepsi set up their own bottled water brands, Dasani and Aquafina, Danone is the number four in the U.S. market with only a 3.5% market share in 2001. Danone is facing two main problems when dealing with the U.S. market. Firstly, the U.S. customers do not accept the premium on the Evian brand, they care less about the type of the bottled water and prefer cheaper water like Aquafina or Dasani. Then, the distribute system in U.S. market is quite different from that in Europe. To carry out a strategy for its further business in the U.S., Danone made the first agreements in April 2002 with one of its most powerful opponents Coca-Cola to let Coke take charge of the Evian brand in North America. Coca-Cola will help Danone within the distribution and market performance, and will get incentives in return of the annual sales growth of Evian bottled water. The second agreement carried in June 2002 is mainly about the two companies announced a joint venture. Danone will contributes license for use several value brands and production facilities, while Coca-Cola pays cash for ownership interest and provide management. Coca-Cola needs to help achieve a guaranteed profit level; however, the penalty is not clear. The alliance of the two companies provokes debates about whether it is a way to improve sales condition or it is a sign of Danones unofficial quit from the U.S. bottled water market. What is the right decision for Danone remains to be proved. 2. Why Evians market share in the U.S. kept falling after the cola giants start their bottled water brands in the late 1980s? The Japanese strategist Kenichi Ohmae developed the 3Cs Model indicated three main players that are necessary for successful business strategy: the corporation, the customer, and the competitors. (Kenichi Ohmae, 1982) When mention the competitors, Coke and Pepsi who sell purified water that avoid extra handling and transport costs, enjoy much lower cost than Evian does. Meanwhile, their distribution systems are well developed thanks to their successful operating on other beverage such as cola. The result is that they can have their cheaper products on more shelves quickly. What is more, as Coca-Cola, Pepsi and NestlÃÆ'Â © are all well-known companies throughout the America, not only their products quality are guaranteed, but also their bottled water brands do not need too much promotion. For the customer part, in the European market where Danone has achieved great success, the customers understand the differences between glacier-sources water and purified water or tap water. They are willing to pay the premium price to purchase the consistent quality and taste of bottled water. But the U.S. customers seem to ignore the classifications of bottled water, and they are extreme price-sensitivity, their first choice is often the cheapest water on the store shelves. Obviously, the Danone Corporation itself has done quite few when facing the hard situation. The company was not well prepared for the entry of cola giants at the beginning. The former achievement within other part of the world especially in Europe makes the company blind worship its Danone business equation and refused to change its business strategy to fit the U.S. market. Also, Danone did not introduce its innovative products which are very popular in the European market, and few marketing activities such as advertises are mentioned to introduced to encourage the U.S. market accept the glacier premium. 3. Positive and negative sides of Danones strategy of running business on its own in the U.S. market. Generally speaking, one advantage of going it alone strategy is it will help keeping the companys national, historical and family pride. The following will analyse the pros and cons of two parts of this remaining one single business entity strategy respectively. The first part is to admit that the Evian brand is not a U.S. market leader but a niche product which is a high-end premium bottled water with the label of health. As the U.S. bottled water market determines the market leader by price and logistics, Evian has to make full use of its nature of unique pristine qualities to provide higher-margin product for specialized customers who understand and appreciate the price premium of bottled water which has better resource and quality. Such customer can be created by purposeful marketing and advertising. Though the group size of these customers might be not so big, the sale profit can be guaranteed by the higher sale price. Clearly, segmentation will help the company focus its strategy but the development of broad-brand equity might be inhibited. The second part is about to place its locally-sourced spring water compete against the Big Three of the U.S. bottled water market in the mid-market which has high sale volume and is price-driven. This plan sounds a good way for Danone to get the lost market share back in the U.S. The defect of this strategy is that large sum of investment need to be paid for acquiring the production facilities and distribution systems, the cost-recovery, however, would take a very long-time. Since the result of compete against NestlÃÆ'Â © and cola giants in the U.S. market are not so lucidity or even optimistic, this plan is unsuitable for Danone. Besides, manage large number of new employees for production and distribution would be another problem for the company. 4. The effect of Danone give up the whole U.S. bottled water market. The impact of keeping Evian brand only as a niche player in the U.S. market has been cited before as only a smaller group of specialized customers will be considered as target, and Evian will be redefined as a high-end premium bottled water in the market. There are many other ramifications of Danones getting out of the U.S. market. Firstly, since there is no report of loss in the American market, it keeps earning money for the company though not as much as other market does, abandon the U.S. market means the company will lose the market share and profit from the market. Secondly, the company has to deal with assets and employees that will no longer working for the corporation. Since there are only a few potential buyers for these assets, powerful buyers can minimize their cost of purchase. Thus the company may suffer a sizeable loss on that. Thirdly, leaving the U.S. market might be a negative signal to other markets and its stakeholders that the company is unable to handle such a profitable market. The direct result may reflect on its share price which will experience a significant fall. What is more, the exiting strategy will blemish the value and goodwill of both Evian brand and the Danone Group and it is not good news for the companys business in other market. Finally, once exit, the re-enter to the market will be much tougher. While remain in the market helps keep the long-term opportunities for the company, it is really difficult for any external company to find a chance to get in and earn money. 5. Comment on the joint ventures with Coca-Cola. Clearly, the joint ventures with the cola giant have many advantages. To be specific, since the Danones strategy and market method cannot meet the needs of the U.S. market, shifting the marketing and distribution control to a company that has more success experience is sensible. With the help of Coke with the marketing and delivery, Danones products can expect a sizeable increase in sell. Besides, as Coca-Cola take charge of those Danones business in the America, the saved resources including marketing and managing expenses and human resources can be put into other markets which are more likely to gain success. In addition, the Evians brand image of high-end will be maintained according to the marketing strategy of the joint ventures. In other words, to remain the corporation and its products in the U.S. market with the sale volume growth guarantee provided by Coke is a safe game for Danone. However, there are some unreasonable factors within the joint ventures. First, as is mentioned in the case, no punishment of Cokes unable to achieve the sale promise is unclear, what if the Danone products keep losing market share? Second, as Coca-Cola gets 51% of the ownership, Danones suggestions might be so weak while making important decisions. Besides, there seems to be an overlap between Cokes bottled water Dasani and Danones Danone brand spring water, so it is doubtful the cola giant is willing to accomplish the sale growth of its joint ventures partners at the expense of its own products. In sum, the cooperation with Coca-Cola is the most ideal way for Danone when handling the U.S. market, but the result might not so ideal because of those internal and external (i.e. economic and market changes) uncertainties. Bibliography Ohmae, K. (1982). The mind of the strategist : the art of Japanese business. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kotabe, M Helsen, K. (2008). Global marketing management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Magical Realism: History and Theory :: Realist Latin American Literature Essays

Magical Realism: History and Theory Magical Realism to me is the world's view of literature and art combined. It has a vast amount of characteristics that most, if not all, Magical realist fiction shares. Magical Realism has a lot of content to be studied in order to fully understand it. The term magical realism was first introduced by Franz Roh in 1925. He was a German art critic who started the idea of magical realism when he saw a new direction in painting. He used the term to characterize his paintings. Franz Roh states, "We look on it with new eyes"(17). To me, this statement is saying that we look on the world with a different approach. There is magical realism in everything we do. Literature and art are two main topics magical realism occurs in often. If studied thoroughly, we realize that there is magical realism in our lives everyday. Many articles have the main definition of magical realism stated in them. These articles are by Franz Roh, Angel Flores, Luis Leal, Amaryll Chanady, and Scott Simpkins. Most of the information in these articles is repetition from the articles however, they still include important information and feedback about each authors' views on the term. One of my favorite texts that we read was the article by Luis Leal. Leal which states, that magical realism is to express emotions, not to evoke them(121). Leal disagrees with many authors. Leal says that he does not believe magical realism was started by Borges in 1935(120). There are many added characteristics of magical realism. Some of these characteristics are to express emotions, do not use dream motifs, innocence has no logical or physiological explanation, and feelings are unexplainable. Magical Realism differs from fantasy because it is set in a normal world with descriptions of humans and society. Luis Leal states, "Strange how people are under the impression that making a bed is exactly the same as making bed, that to shake hands is always the same as shaking hands, that opening a can of sardines is to open the same can of sardines"(121). Everything is an exception. In Franz Roh's discusses many characteristics of magical realism in paintings.. "Both kinds of miniaturist paintings, the one that reconciles is to the world and the one that tries to horrify us"(qtd.in Roh 29). The way I view the world through art is a big characteristic to magical realism myself.

Death in Dickinsons I heard a Fly Buzz When I died Essay -- Emily Dic

Death in Dickinson's I heard a fly buzz when I died Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"I heard a fly buzz when I died† is a reflection on what happens when one dies. In the poem, the speaker is waiting to die. It seems as though they are expecting something spectacular to happen at the moment of their death. This spectacular event they are expecting does not happen. I heard a fly buzz when I died By Emily Dickinson I heard a fly buzz when I died; The stillness round my form Was like the stillness in the air Between the heaves of storm. The eyes beside had wrung them dry. And breaths were gathering sure For that last onset, when the king Be witnessed in his power. I willed my keepsakes, signed away What portion of me I Could make assignable,--and then There interposed a fly, With blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz, Between the light and me; And then the windows failed, and then I could not see to see. The speaker describes their situation on their deathbed. The sense of stillness in the air means that the speaker thinks something important is about to happen when they die. Their mood is very solemn, and the still air brings a feeling of tension. There is not yet a mention of the afterlife, just the speaker waiting for death. The stillness is described as â€Å"between the heaves of storm,† referring to the calm that sometimes occurs between storms. This is a very quite almost peaceful stillness, but there is a sign of more things to come. In this case, death is the storm they are waiting for after the calm. The speaker is expecting a big event to happen. As the speakers loved ones begin to mourn, there is a feeling that they too were gathering around to witness some spectacular event that would ... ...There is no large flash of light, no loud noises, just the simple buzzing of a fly. Seeing death as a natural passing places man back in nature. There is no amazing flash of light, or deafening noise, or grand revelation. The choice of a fly as the interrupting entity reinforces the anti-climactic nature of death. Man passes into death the same as anything else in nature. The â€Å"blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz† of the fly implies that not even the buzz of the fly was meant to recognize the death of the speaker. The fly buzzes by because that is the nature of the fly. It did not stop its life for the death of the speaker. This can be seen as nature (the fly) realizing that death is not some incredible event, but a natural passing. Nature moves on, accepting the dead back into the earth. This reinforces that death, even the death of a human, is a simple passing.

Pixar †the Innovative & Creative Animation Company

PIXAR – the innovative & creative animation company PIXAR is a world class animation film studio. The Pixar organization culture is influenced the company to be more creative and innovation. This is helping her to achieve remarkable awards in their industry. The great successful for Pixar is the share values, all employees named â€Å"Pixarians† who are proud of their job and love their job. They are self-motivated and enjoyed to be work in Pixar. By using seven dimension of organization culture, Pixar culture is achieved at least 3 dimension, they are: â€Å"People orientation†, â€Å"Innovation and risk taking† and â€Å"Team orientation†.People orientation Pixar management believes that new talent can blossom creativity and innovation thus using appropriated candidate, no matter whom they are and where they come from being a critical success of the organization. Like John Lasseter hired Andrew Stanton who writes script of Toy Story that he canâ⠂¬â„¢t. Pixar does not like other assembly studios which employed a group of freelance professionals to work on a single project. They hired a permanent staff takes the full responsibility in their role from project to project.Pixar provides on job training to encourage lifelong learning cultural, the in house professional development school – â€Å"Pixar University† where allowed any levels of employees to miss work for classes. Furthermore, Pixar promotes a slogan â€Å"Try, Learn and Try again† for innovation development. It is a company culture that encourages the staff to try something new and think in different. Innovation and risk taking As Pixar is a creative animation factory, their working environment also creative and breakthrough the normal office layout.They are mixing fun with their work place. We can find basketball court, game centre, gym room and even bathrooms in the main office. From the relaxing fun and play area, all employees can take a bre ak and refresh their mind during office hour also meet different department people would interact creative and sparkling ideas. For individual staff, they can design and create their fun & play working spaces at their own preference. Pixar’s management will not disturb their staff freedom which can build another level of respect and trust. [pic] [pic] Fun & relax area pic] Employee can design their own workplace Team orientation Pixar has no organization chart which aims to erase the corporate control and power that forbidding creativity. Paxarians are freedom to communicate with anyone and contribute own creative ideas regardless the level or title, that removes communicating barriers and builds peer driven cultural within Pixar. They are project base team structure, so staff building a good relationship by project succeeds or process failures. To analyze above culture affects the management within Pixar Planning:Base on the business nature, Pixar would like to create a rela xing environment to the staff for encouraging creative thinking, therefore the office layout planning being informal and given enough individualized working area for their staff. Pixar understood that the common social area that can be exchange the working information and idea by a no pressure setting so the leisure facilities is planned for their office. Organizing: Pixar is an organic organization structure company. Their culture is forming a team for specific project. This flexible project based structure can fully utilize the staff talent by their specific strengthen.Also, the project owner can recruit the right person internal for their individual project. On the other hand, staff can meet different kind of team member from the company, it sparkle their mind from the new members. Leading: Pixar is will not hire the freelance designer for the specific project, the form of the team base on the staff talent for full time staff therefore, the leadership style is regarding the staff ability for each project. The chance to show the staff performance is not related on the organization structure but the personal ability.This leading culture gives the chance to everyone in the company to show their talent in their own professional. Their culture will not kill any creative and potential staff from the rigid company structure. Controlling: Pixar is a people orientated company therefore the on job training – Pixar University being one of the controls for the employee performance and level up the employee professional to be Pixar standard. From the training program, employee can understand more about the company requirement, as the same time Pixar can be evaluated the employee by the Pixar university classroom.This long time learning culture is covering all level of the employee which is not only for the working needs but also line up the Pixarians mind set to meet their company goals. Conclusion To sum up, as world-class animation company, Pixar did a very wel l company culture to help the innovative and creative happened. Top management understood that people is the most importance asset for the company so the people orientated management style being the key success for Pixar.Employees get the strong identity with Pixar culture and being loyal to the company, who called themselves â€Å"Paixarian† and so proud of being the member of Pixar. The staff and company are getting the shared values, principles and doing the same way to let company going forward. References: Pixar Official Website: http://www. pixar. com/ Pixar office photo : http://thechive. com/2009/12/22/pixar-offices-are-almost-as-cool-as-thechive-offices-27-photos/ Capodadli, B. & Jackson, L. (2010) Innovate The Pixar Way: Business Lessons From The World’s Most Creative Corporate Playground. New York: McGraw Hill. ———————– 4

Conflict in the Hunger Games Essay

An important conflict in the novel ‘The Hunger Games’, by Suzanne Collins, is the conflict between the districts and the Capitol. This conflict is important to the text as a whole because the result of this conflict was the Hunger Games. The Hunger Games are a punishment for a previous uprising, where two tributes from each district are chosen to fight to death in an arena. The main protagonist, Katniss Everdeen, becomes an important figurehead of the districts’ growing resentment of the Capitol when she takes the place of her younger sister Prim as a tribute in the Hunger Games. This essay will explore the reason behind the conflict, Katniss’ involvement in the conflict and the conflict’s importance to the novel as a whole. The conflict between the districts and the Capitol exists because of the inequality between the rich Capitol and the poor districts. Katniss describes District 12 as a place â€Å"where you can starve to death in safety.† In contrast Katniss describes the Capitol with â€Å"the magnificence of it’s glistening buildings† and â€Å"where food appears at the press of a button.† It is this inequality that caused conflict between the Capitol and the districts, leading to a previous uprising which saw the complete destruction of District 13 and the birth of the Hunger Games. As Katniss explains, the Hunger games were â€Å"the Capitol’s way of reminding us how totally we are at their mercy.† When Katniss volunteers as tribute in place of her sister, she becomes a key component in the ongoing conflict between the districts and the Capitol. When Katniss volunteers as tribute for District 12, the district responds with a subtle form of rebellion which shows the conflict that exists between the districts and the Capitol. â€Å"To the everlasting credit of the people of  district 12, not one person claps. I stand there unmoving while they take part in the boldest form of dissent they can manage. Silence. Which says we do not agree. We do not condone. All of this is wrong.† During the competition Katniss continues with these subtle forms of rebellion through wearing the Mockingjay pin, holding hands with Peeta at the opening ceremony, showing respect for her fallen comrade from district 11, Rue and finally with her and Peeta’s final stand.To deny the Capitol a victor for the Hunger Games, Katniss and Peeta threaten to kill themselves by eating the deadly nightlock berries. The Capitol are forced to declare two victors which causes even greater conflict between Katniss and the Capitol. As Haymitch explains, à ¢â‚¬Å"The one thing the Capitol can’t stand is being laughed at and they are the joke of Panem.† The conflict is based on the inequality between the rich Capitol and the poor districts. Through subtle acts of rebellion throughout the novel of the behalf of Katniss the conflict grows. This conflict is important to the text as a whole because without the conflict between the districts and the Capitol there would be no Hunger Games.

Analyze Africa’s actions and reacions during European scramble for Africa DBQ Essay

When the Europeans scrambled to colonize Africa, the reactions of the natives was progressively more apprehensive. At first the natives found that they could be peaceful with this strange new white man. Soon after, though, they found that these new men mistreated and cheated them greatly, and had superior military technology. Given these new conditions of the relationship the Africans decided it was in their best interest to take up arms against the Europeans and try to rid themselves of the harmful White Man. In the beginning of the European- African relationship we see much evidence of civil exchanges, though the Africans seem to be apprehensive of complete European rule. From Document1 we see that the African rulers signed contracts with the Royal Niger company, allowing the British government to utilize the Niger river delta. This agreement upheld that the British could utilize this land for their economic needs, as long as the African rulers received a portion of the riches acquired. There was an original willingness to compromise with the White Man, but soon after, the Europeans began to get greedy. We see this when the ruler of Ashanti wrote the Queen of England, declining her offer to add the clan to her empire, though they would like to remain friendly with them ( Doc 2). This wish for peace with the Europeans did not last long after this document was written. We see other evidence of European greed for land when Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia sent a letter to Great Britian, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia (Doc 3). He stated that the Europeans simply could not split Africa because that would upset the strong Christian values of the region, and that the rule of the land must be seated in Africa. Though strongly worded, this letter remained civil with the Europeans and showed no signs of violence towards them. This was soon to change, though. Soon after the Europeans began settling among the peoples of Africa, the natives saw their true colors. One account by a veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against the British told of how the people were treated like slaves. This account told of violence, derision, humiliation, and rape (Doc 4). Another account from a Mojimba African chief described the British attacks upon the village. The chief recounted that after hiding out in the  forest for the duration of the attack, they returned to â€Å"†¦: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies†(Doc 9). Other accounts of more mild wrongdoings. An Ashanti queen spoke to other chiefs of their Kings being taken away (Doc6). Many of these injustices performed against the Africans caused an uprising in their society; several tribes began to resort to violence. As European violence increased, the Africans began to seek ways to take action against them. Yaa Asantewi, Ashanti queen mother, gave a speech to chiefs stating that if the men did not begin to take action against the European violence soon, the women would begin the fight the White Man themselves. This is quite significant because women were considered second class citizens, weak people who did nothing but the simple tasks in life. The Herero people also were compelled to take up arms against the Germans invading South-West Africa. In a letter he wrote â€Å"Let us die fighting rather than die as a result of maltreatment, imprisonment, or some other calamity. Tell all the chiefs down there to rise and do battle†(Doc 7). Finally, artwork can be analyzed from the uprisings against Europeans such as the Italians. Document 5 depicts the Battle of Adova, where the Ethiopians were successful in rising against the Italian troops trying to take over the region. Most relations between the Africans and Europeans ended in hostile revolutions organized by the native tribes, trying to rid themselves of the dreadful White Man’s rule. Though they were not successful in ridding themselves of the Europeans until much later, the Africans put up a fight to get the White Man who oppressed them out of their land, after he charmed them with his false pretenses. Another supplemental document that may be used to analyze these two groups is an excerpt from the book â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe. This work of literature depicts the story of a revered tribesman of the Ibo tribe and his relations with the invading European missionaries. Tracing the relations of Europeans and Africans through the provided documents we can see that the relationship was neither extremely tolerant or violent at first, but it progressively became the later.

Theory of Management in Health Care

The essentials of management, by far, are not historically new. One can imagine the management that was needed to build the Egyptian pyramids or the Greek Parthenon. The requirement was to have people work efficiently together toward a successful common end. However, with the rise of industrialization and now with the rapid speed of change and technological advancements, effective management is needed more than ever. Healthcare, which is having such a significant impact on today's society and also undergoing many transitions in a short period of time, is a prime example of an industry that requires the best management possible. Peter Drucker, an economist and journalist, is regarded as the founding father of the study of management by experts in the worlds of business and academia. According to Drucker (2001, pg. 10), management is based on several essential principles: 1) Management concerns first and foremost human beings, who must be made capable of joint performance, their strengths effective and weaknesses irrelevant; 2) Management is thoroughly a part of individual cultures and is variable; 3) Each organization must have a commitment to common goals and unifying objectives that are set my management; 4) Management must find ways of encouraging growth and development of the organization and its members as opportunities change; 5) Within every organization are individuals with different skills and knowledge accomplishing different types of work. This necessitates effective communications as well as each person assuming responsibility for setting individual goals, making those goals known, and working with others to accomplish them; 6) Management is measured on such factors as innovation, market share, quality and people development, not by the bottom line or output quantity; and 7) Most important, results exist only on the outside with a satisfied patient, client or customer. In the early 1960s Drucker read Abraham H. Maslow's theory of management, which is based on the belief that each person has specific needs. He â€Å"became an immediate convert† (Drucker, 1999a, p. 17). Essentially, this means that different groups of employees have to be managed differently, and that the same group of workers has to be managed differently at different times (pg. 21). However, stressed Drucker, â€Å"one does not ‘manage' people. The task is to lead people. And the goal is to make productive the specific strengths and knowledge of each individual (pg. 21-22). In these days of global competition, such a leadership style is essential to point individuals in the most productive directions. One also has to prepare for continual change. In the past, management commitments for the future were based on the question, â€Å"What is most likely happen?† Now, it is necessary to plan for uncertainty by asking â€Å"What has already happened that will create the future?† (Drucker, 1995, pg. 40). All organizations, especially ones in the healthcare field, have to look at such factors as demographic trends; changes in industry, market structure, values, science and technology already in place but yet to have full impact; and trends in the economy and structure of society. They must then convert these â€Å"what is most likely to happen† into opportunities for the organization based on its strengths and competence. Further, it must develop the knowledge and people to be able to respond to these opportunities. Global society is in the midst of a major transformation, where knowledge is the primary resource if, and only if, it is integrated into a task. For managers, this dynamics of knowledge requires building change into the organizational structure. The organization must commit itself to continually creating something new (Drucker, 1995, pg. 79). As a result, management must emphasize continuous improvement or kaizen, exploit its knowledge to develop the next generation of applications from its successes and learn to innovate in a systematic process. This means that organizations must continually make changes. This may even lead to closing down a hospital when changes in medical knowledge, technology and practice make a hospital with less than 200 beds uneconomical and unable to provide excellent care (pg. 81). The organizations of the future must also routinely say, â€Å"People are our greatest asset,† and loyalty is gained through offering employees exceptional opportunities for putting their knowledge to work. Ironically, however, knowledge about the knowledge worker productivity is minimal. For example, a fair-sized U.S. hospital of 400 beds has several hundred physicians and a staff up to 1,500 paramedics divided among 60 specialties, with specialized equipment and labs. â€Å"But we do not yet know how to get productivity out of them† (Drucker, 1992, pg. 336) What is known, Drucker says in Management Challenge for the 21st Century (1999b, pg. 142), are the six major demands that underlie this productivity: 1) need to ask, â€Å"what is the task?†; 2) individuals assume responsibility for themselves; 3) continuing innovation; 4) continuous learning and teaching; 5) quality over quantity; and 6) individuals recognized as an asset. Making knowledge workers productive necessitates changes in basic attitude of the entire organization. Knowledge-worker productivity is the largest of the 21st century management challenges. In the developed countries, it is their first survival requirement (Drucker, 1999b, pg. 157). One of the biggest changes is that workers will have to manage themselves and place themselves in the location where they can make the greatest impact. They will have to learn how to develop themselves and continuously better themselves. They will have to ask themselves: â€Å"What are my strengths?†; â€Å"Where do I belong?†; â€Å"What is my contribution?†; â€Å"Where can I take relationship responsibility?†; and â€Å"How can I plan for the second half of my life?† The lesson, concludes Drucker (1998, pg. 187) is that productivity of knowledge has both a qualitative and quantitative dimension. Managers (actually executives is a better word, he says) must manage both specialists and synthesizes of the different fields of knowledge. The healthcare industry will be significantly involved in all these changes if they are not already. In an online article â€Å"The Next Information Revolution,† Drucker said of healthcare: â€Å"In healthcare a similar conceptual shift is likely to lead from healthcare being defined as the fight against disease to being defined as the maintenance of physical and mental functioning.† The battle against illness remains an essential aspect of healthcare. However, it is rather a subsection of it. The traditional healthcare providers nor the hospitals and general practice physicians may survive this change, and definitely not in their present structure and function. In healthcare, the stress will therefore transition from the â€Å"T† in IT to the â€Å"I,† as it is transitioning in business and in the general economy. Is it possible that the information people in MIS and IT prepared for such changes? He sees no sign of this so far. The 21st century is heralding in a huge transition the healthcare focus (Drucker, 1999b) While the country spent most of the prior century managing disease, it will now spend time emphasizing life extension, or maximizing the length and quality of life. The key is having a work force of nurses and allied health professionals who are educated and skilled as a chronic care coach. It is a step that goes beyond case management since it involves most patients instead of those just with the most complicated cases and situations. Overall, it will involve a major redefinition of healthcare.

Project Management 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Project Management 4 - Essay Example The seventh element involves determining those people who will be used to deliver the message to the intended audience. The eighth element focuses at computation of funds that might be needed to ensure that there is proper implementation of the project plan. The final element involves evaluation of the communication plan to see if the goals and objectives have been realized (United Nations, 2007). The major audience to be involved in the communication plan includes evaluators who may help to assess the effectiveness of communication plan. Some of the information shared with this audience are message to be channeled, communication channels to be used and as amount of financial required to channel the message. The mechanism to be used in pussing urgent information includes online channels. For example emails’ and phone calls while less urgent and useful information may be passed via letters (Mobley, 2005). In addition, the information between employees and organization will be shared on daily basis to ensure smooth learning of the organization. In case the communication turns not to be ineffective the message may be adjusted. In addition, a different channel may be utilized. Some of the technologies that may be used include utilization of organization website, smart phones to mention just but a few. Finally, communication becomes an ethical/legal issue at a point where s ecurity and privacy of the information passed must be observed (Taylor & Dow,

Case study in business competitve strategy Essay

Case study in business competitve strategy - Essay Example The main problem was the hygiene factor that the plant lacked in and CFIA recommended shutting down the plant in Winnipeg for the purpose of deep cleaning and revised cleaning protocols (Ewing, 2006). The external constraints in this case are that after the news became prominent in the media and newspapers, the customers were reluctant to buy their products. The Company CEO however assured the mass that the health and safety of the million Canadian families are their responsibility and they will take care of it. But few internal constraints made it difficult for the company to improve its grounded image before the customers. One of the employee of another plant of Oaktree Mills tweeted confidential news on social networking site. The female employee did not limit herself to the leakage of the confidential news of the company only but also blamed the company for using unsafe practices for processing of meat. She even informed the mass by tweeting not to trust the company and their pro ducts and to beware of the company’s false assurance. The Director of Communications and the Human Resource Head of Oaktree Mills are shocked to see the deed of the employee. The problem that was faced by the company was mainly because it did not have any social media policy. As the company did not have the policy thus they could not take any step against the female employee. The CEO of the company has the least to do other than ordering the director and human resource head to look after the situation seriously and take appropriate steps for handling the situations (Ewing, 2006). Situation analysis Oaktree Mills is a family owned large meat processing company based in Calgary and the processing firms are in Winnipeg, Montreal and Toronto. The company is famous for the product quality it serves to its customers. It has created good relation with their employees and concentrates highly on the retention of the employees, when other companies go for layoffs. It has also undertake n corporate social responsibility activities, so as to take care of the environment it works in and also their neighbours. Recently, the uninterrupted business faced a serious situation, which harmed the image of the company. About 13 peoples in Saskatchewan were hospitalized after being affected from salmonella poisoning. The situation was noticed by Canadian Public Health Authority, who informed the matter to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). CFIA investigated the matter and found that the illness was due to consumption of the sandwich meats. They identified the fact that the methods that are undertaken by the Winnipeg processing plant are not adequate for the hygiene factor that a processing plant should possess. The agency reported that the two industrial meat grinders are not clean and thus it processed the meats in an unhygienic manner. The agency even recommended the company to shut down the plant in Winnipeg for deep cleaning and for revising the cleaning protocols . Oaktree declared the suspension of operation of the plant and assured full cooperation with CFIA. Thus, 1.2 million kilogram of processed meat products was recalled. The Director of Communication, Ashok Fraser worked together with the senior management for controlling the situation and informed the public to avoid causing panic